BNF式基本语法

  option   : NAME = VALUE
  merge    : NAME += VALUE
  NAME     : modulename.key
  VALUE    : ( <string> | <integer> | <boolean> | <array> | VALUE [ + VALUE ]*)
  <string> : "text"
  <integer>: digit*
  <boolean>: ( "enable" | "disable" )
  <array>  : "(" [ <string> "=>" ] <value> [, [ <string> "=>" ] <value> ]* ")"
  INCLUDE  : "include" VALUE
  INCLUDE_SHELL : "include_shell" STRING_VALUE

示例

  # default document-root
  server.document-root = "/var/www/example.org/pages/"

  # TCP port
  server.port = 80

  # selecting modules
  server.modules = ( "mod_access", "mod_rewrite" )

  # variables, computed when config is read.
  var.mymodule = "foo"
  server.modules += ( "mod_" + var.mymodule )
  # var.PID is initialised to the pid of lighttpd before config is parsed

  # include, relative to dirname of main config file
  include "mime.types.conf"

  # read configuration from output of a command
  include_shell "/usr/local/bin/confmimetype /etc/mime.types"


条件配置

Most options can be configured conditionally by using the following syntax (including nesting).

  <field> <operator> <value> {
    ...
    <field> <operator> <value> {
      ... nesting: match only when parent match
    }
  }
  else <field> <operator> <value> {
    ... the "else if" block
  }

where <field> is one of one of the following:
Field name     Description
$HTTP["cookie"]     match on cookie
$HTTP["host"]     match on host
$HTTP["useragent"]     match on useragent
$HTTP["referer"]     match on referer
$HTTP["url"]     match on url. If there are nested blocks, this must be the most inner block.
$HTTP["querystring"]     match on querystring, eg, after the ? in this type url: index.php?module=images..
$HTTP["remoteip"]     match on the remote IP or a remote Network (Warning: doesn't work with IPv6 enabled)
$HTTP["request-method"]     (Introduced in version 1.4.19) match on the request method.
$HTTP["scheme"]     (Introduced in version 1.4.19) match on the scheme used by the incoming connection. This is either "http" or "https".
$HTTP["language"]     (Introduced in version 1.4.21) match on the Accept-Language header.
$SERVER["socket"]     match on socket. Value must be on the format "ip:port", where ip is an IP address(optional) and port a port number. Only equal match (==) is supported. It also binds the daemon to this socket. Use this if you want to do IP/port-based virtual hosts.
$PHYSICAL["path"]     (Introduced in version 1.5.0) - match on the mapped physical path of the file / cgi script to be served.
$PHYSICAL["existing-path"]     (Introduced in version 1.5.0) - match on the mapped physical path of the file / cgi script to be served only if such a file exists on the local filesystem.

<operator> is one of:
Operator     Value
==     string equal match
!=     string not equal match
=~     perl style regular expression match
!~     perl style regular expression not match

and <value> is either a quoted ("") literal string or regular expression.

示例:

  # disable directory-listings for /download/*
  dir-listing.activate = "enable"
  $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/download/" {
    dir-listing.activate = "disable"
  }

  # handle virtual hosting
  # map all domains of a top-level-domain to a single document-root
  $HTTP["host"] =~ "(^|\.)example\.org$" {
    server.document-root = "/var/www/htdocs/example.org/pages/"
  }

  # multiple sockets
  $SERVER["socket"] == "127.0.0.1:81" {
    server.document-root = "..."
  }

  $SERVER["socket"] == "127.0.0.1:443" {
    ssl.pemfile = "/var/www/certs/localhost.pem"
    ssl.engine = "enable"

    server.document-root = "/var/www/htdocs/secure.example.org/pages/"
  }

  # deny access for all googlebot
  $HTTP["useragent"] =~ "Google" {
    url.access-deny = ( "" )
  }

  # deny access for all image stealers (anti-hotlinking for images)
  $HTTP["referer"] !~ "^($|http://www\.example\.org)" {
    url.access-deny = ( ".jpg", ".jpeg", ".png" )
  }

  # deny the access to www.example.org to all user which
  # are not in the 10.0.0.0/8 network
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
    $HTTP["remoteip"] != "10.0.0.0/8" {
     url.access-deny = ( "" )
    }
  }

  # Allow only 200.19.1.5 and 210.45.2.7 to
  # have access to www.example.org/admin/
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
    #!~ is a perl style regular expression not match
    $HTTP["remoteip"] !~ "^(200\.19\.1\.5|210\.45\.2\.7)$" {
      $HTTP["url"] =~ "^/admin/" {
        url.access-deny = ( "" )
      }
    }
  }


解决方法

If you're not running on the default port, $HTTP["host"] will have the port appended to it, so regular expressions ending in $ (without allowing for a port) won't match.
To match with or without a port, change

"(^|\.)example\.org$"

to

"(^|\.)example\.org(\:[0-9]*)?$"

Note that some earlier versions of lighttpd do not support the full configuration file syntax listed here. In particular, some versions do not support "var." variables, appending with "+=", nested conditionals, or "else" blocks. The names of some options (for example, "server.dir-listing") have also changed (i.e. to "dir-listing.activate") between versions of lighttpd.

If you're having trouble configuring lighttpd, consider using the "-t" or "-p" options to debug your configuration. Note that some earlier versions of lighttpd not support the "-t" or "-p" options.

高级应用

Check the blog: http://blog.lighttpd.net/articles/2005/05/07/advanced-configuration-in-up-upcoming-1-4-x

使用变量

You can set your own variables in the configuration to simplify your config.

  var.basedir = "/home/www/servers/"
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
     server.name = "www.example.org"
     include "incl-base.conf"
  }


In incl-base.conf:

  server.document-root = basedir + server.name + "/pages/"
  accesslog.filename   = basedir + server.name + "/logs/access.log"


You can also use environment variables or the default variables var.PID and var.CWD:

  var.basedir = env.LIGHTTPDBASE

  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
     server.name = "www.example.org"
     include "incl-base.conf"
     include "incl-fastcgi.conf"
  }


In incl-fastcgi.conf:

  fastcgi.server = ( ... => ((
     "socket" => basedir + server.name + "/tmp/fastcgi-" + PID + ".sock"
  )) )


Or like the lighttpd script for rails does:

  var.basedir = var.CWD
  server.document-root = basedir + "/public/"


Some useful things that can NOT be done in lighttpd config (you need to create a script in a real programming language and than use include_shell):

  # testing if a variable has been set is NOT possible
  var.not_sure_if_it_exists == undefined { ... set to default value ... }

  # removing from arrays is NOT possible
  server.modules -= ( "mod_idontwantyou" )


Global context

  global {
    ...
  }


You don't need it in the main configuration file.
But you might have difficulty setting a server wide configuration inside a included-file from conditionals.

Example

In lighttpd.conf:

  server.modules = ()
  $HTTP["host"] == "www.example.org" {
    include "incl-php.conf"
  }


In incl-php.conf:

  global {
    server.modules += ("mod_fastcgi")
    static-file.exclude-extensions += (".php")
  }
  fastcgi.server = "..."